[04-02 21:05:23] 来源:http://www.67xuexi.com 高三英语教案 阅读:850次
his hands.(广岛市市长双手捧着一束鲜花,迈着方步走向那个迷惑不解的记者。)
另外,我们最常见的独立主格结构是with引导的独立主格结构。比如:Our vicar went to see what was happening with a torch in his arm. 这种用法中的with不表达什么意义,因而常可省略。表示伴随情况时,既可用分词的独立结构,也可用with的复合结构:with + 名词(代词)+ 现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语。例如:
He stood there, his hand raised. = He stood there, with his hand raise.他举手着站在那儿。
The murderer was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。
A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied
答案D. with +名词(代词)+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时,其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词"手"与分词"绑"是被动关系,因此用过去分词,选D.
Ⅱ. 动词不定式和分词用作状语
动词不定式和分词同时还具有副词的词性特征,因此能在句子中充当状语。
与分词不同的是,动词不定式在句中做状语时,主要表示目的、结果、原因;而分词做状语主要表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、目的、伴随等。
一般判别二者之间的区别使用是根据不同的标志词来确定的,或者说用marker来确定它们。例如,动词不定式表示目的的有in order to, so as to。表示结果的有:so … as to, such … as to, enough to, too … to等。请看例句:
He shouted so as to be noticed.(目的)
She started early in order to avoid the rushing crowds.(目的)
Would you be so kind as to lend me your bike?(结果)
He is such a fool as to think that his idle chat can influence others.(结果)
The boy is old enough to look after himself.(结果)
His eyesight is too poor to read such small letter.(结果)
She wept to hear the news.(原因)
I rejoiced to hear that my son had been admitted into the famous university.(原因)
有些不定式短语可用来修饰整个句子,可以称作句子状语。这种状语不修饰谓语,而说明说话人的想法。如常见的有下列短语:So to speak,to tell the truth,to be honest, to make matters worse,to sum up (总而言之), to conclude (总而言之), to be sure, to be brief, to begin with, strange to say , sad to say, needless to say, not to mention,
to be frank with you, to make a long story short(长话短说), to be exact, not to speak of(更别说), to say nothing of(且不说) Eg:
To tell you the truth, I’ve never heard of the book.
To be honest, I don’t quite like the dish.
To begin with, it’s too cold. Besides, we’ve no money.
To be frank with you, I like you, and should be glad to
give you any help I can.
He’s a nice person, to be sure.
To cut a long story short, he beat them one by one.
You’ve wasted eight hours’ time, to say nothing of the material.
分词的表现形式是通过悬垂结构的句意来判断的,但是要请注意,悬垂结构中的逻辑主语一定是后面主句中的主语,检验的办法就是用主句的主语很分词结构还原成一个状语从句。如:
① 时间
Looking up suddenly, Robert saw a rainbow in the sky.
Floating on water, a ship displaces an amount of water equal to its own weight.
Hearing the news that her son was rescued, she felt greatly relieved.
② 原因
Not knowing how to pronounce the word “plough”, the Frenchman looked up it in a dictionary.