高一英语必修四语法复习——主谓一致,标签:高一英语学习方法,高一学习计划,http://www.67xuexi.com
(一)概述:
主语与谓语的一致:在英语表达中,谓语动词的形式要和主语的人称和数保持一致。主要体现在动词,助动词 do,have 以及一般现在时态中的动词形式。
谓语动词与主语保持一致的基本原则:语法一致,就近一致和意义一致。
名词或代词做主语有人称和单,复数之分,动词的单数就是第三人称单数形式,而动词的复数形式动词的原形。
例句:
1. Iam seventeen,andhe is sixteen.
2. Thereis a deskin theroom, butthere areno chairsin it.
3. John getsup atsix o’clock everymorning.
4. Whatis thelatest news about the Olympic Games ?
5. The family aresitting atthe breakfasttable.
(二)语法一致:
1. 由and连接的两个名词或代词做主语:
(1)这部分主语表示的是两个人或两件不同的事物,谓语动词用复数形式。
例句:
① My brotherandI havebothseenthat film.
② Both riceandwheat aregrown in thispartof China.
③ The poet andthe novelistwere bothpresent at themeeting.
④ Reading, writing and arithmeticarecalled thethree R’s.
(2)这部分主语表示具有两个身份或性质的同一个人或一个完整的事物,谓语动词用单数形式。
例句:
① The professorand writer is speaking atthemeeting.
② War andpeace is a constanttheme in history.
③ Onemore knife andforkis needed.
④ The statesman and poet was engagedin warfareall his life.
⑤ Law andorderhas been established.
⑥ Breadand butteris ourdaily food.
⑦ Fishand chipsis a popularfast food.
⑧ The starsandstripes is thenational flagof U.S.A.
(3)这部分主语前面有each, every,many a,no 等修饰时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。
例句:
① Each doctor and(each)nurse was givena new shirt.
② No sound andno voiceis heard.
③ Many a boyand girlhas madethe same mistake.
④ Every minute andeverysecond is precious.
2. 动名词,不定式,主语从句做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
例句:
① Reading is a great pleasurein life.
② Tolive means to create.
③ That we need more time is obvious.
④ What is neededis food and medicine.
3. 表示时间,金钱,距离,重量的复数名词表示数量做主语时,被视为一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式 。
例句:
① Threethousand miles is along distance.
② Eight hours ofsleep is enough.
4. 不定代词 anyone, anything, everyone,everything, someone,something, noone, nothing, each the other 等做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
例句:
① Is anybody goingtotell him thenews ?
② Someone wants to seeyou.
(三)就近原则
由连词 or, either…or,neither…nor,not only…but also, 连接的两个名词或代词做主语时,谓语动词和离它最近的哪个名词或代词的人称和数一致。
例句:
1. Eitheryouor Jean is to besentto New Zealand.
2. Not only his family butalso helikes Chaplin’s movies.
3. Neither Tomnor theBrowns enjoy theirjourney toBeijing owing tothe badweather.
4. GeorgeorTomis wanted.
注意:There be句型中be 的形式由它后面的第一个名词的数决定。
例句:
1. Therearen’t anyletters in the mail foryou today.
2. Thereis a lamp, two pens andthree books on thedesk.
3. Here aresome envelopes andpaper foryou.
名词后面带有 with, alongwith, together with, besides, except, but, like, including, as well as,rather than短语共同做主语时,谓语动词与这些短语前面的那个名词的数一致。
例句:
1. All but one were herejustnow.
2. A library with fivethousand books is offered to that nation as a gift.
3. An expert,togetherwith some assistants, was sent tohelpin this work.
4. Youas well as Iare wrong.
(四)意义一致
1. 代词none, neither, all的不可数形式还是复数形式由它们指的内容决定。
例句:
(1)All hope has gone.
(2)All areagreed onthis point.
(3)-Is thereany milk inthe fridge? -No, there is none.
(4)None has returned fromthemeeting.
2. 集合名词group, class,family, army, enemy,team等名词的单,复数形式根据它们强调的内容而定。
例句:
(1)The class were all cheerful.
(2)The teamwere takingoversome newplays.
(3)The group arereadingthe newspapers.
(4)The army is goingtoremain in this town.
(5)The army haverescued thetravelers.
3. 限定词短语 all of…; none of…; a lotof…; 以及分数/百分数+of …修饰名词构成的名词短语做主语时,谓语动词的形式由 of 后面的名词形式决定。
例句:
(1)None of thesesuggestionsare veryhelpful.
(2)I don’t thinkany ofus wants to work tomorrow.
(3)Two-fifthsof thestudents in theclass arefromArabic-speakingcountries.
难点突破
1. 主谓一致的考查主要体现在单项选择和短文改错两个题型中。同学们在练习和应试时,遇到这样的题时,要牢记主谓一致的三个基本原则。一定要根据句子内容抓住关键的主语部分。同时还要考虑句子的时态和语态。
2. oneof+复数名词做定语从句的先行词时,定语从句中的谓语动词与复数名词一致。theonly oneof+复数名词做定语从句的先行词时,定语从句中的谓语动词用单数形式。
例句:
Jim was one ofthe boyswho were latefor class.
Jim was the onlyone ofthe boyswho was late forclass.
【典型例题】
[例1] E-mail, as well as telephones,_____animportant partindaily communication.
A. is playing B. haveplayed C. areplaying D. play
分析:带有as well as 短语的名词做主语时,谓语动词与这个名词的人称和数一致,不受as well as 短语内容的影响。E-mail 是单数形式,故选择 A。
[例2] EitherJohn orhis friends _____ toblame forthe badresults.
A. are B. is C. was D. hasbeen
分析:either…or连接两个名词做主语时,其谓语动词与离它最近的名词的数和人称一致,本题中his friends 决定了谓语动词的形式,故选择 A。
[例3] The conductorand composer_____bya crowd of people.
A. aregreeted B. is greeted C. greets D. havebeen greeted
分析:根据句意,主语部分的The conductorand composer 是指一个人即:乐队指挥兼作曲家, 所以主语的内容是单数形式,故选择 B。
[例4] -The trousers _____you well, madam.
-But thecolour_____me.
A.fit; don’t suit B. fits; doesn’t suit C. fits; don’tsuit D. fit;doesn’tsuit
分析:trousers,clothes, glasses,等名词本身就是复数形式。谓语动词用复数形式。Colour 是单数,谓语用单数,故选择 D。
[例5] The Smith’s family, which _____ rathera large one, _____ veryfond of theiroldhouse.
A. were; were B. was; were C. were; was D. was; was
分析:family 指“家庭”为单数,指“家庭成员”为复数形式。第一空格前的 which 指“家庭” 谓语用 was. 第二空格后的 fond of指“家庭成员喜欢他们的老房子” 谓语为 were,故选择B。
[例6] He is theonly oneofthe students who _____a winner ofscholarship forthree years.
A. is B. are C. havebeen D. hasbeen
分析:当定语从句先行词是“oneof +复数形式”时, 其后的从句谓语动词用复数形式。而当 one之前有the only时, 定语从句则强调 the only one,谓语动词用单数。另外,题目中的时间状语for three years表明从句的时态为现在完成时,故选择D。
[例7] Threefifths ofthe police_____in theschool nearthe town.
A. has trained B. havetrained C. has been trained D. havebeen trained
分析:分数+名词做主语时,谓语动词的形式由分数所指的名词的形式(可数名词或不可数名词)决定,police 是集合名词为复数形式,根据句子意思,police 与train 为被动关系,应用被动语态,故选择D。
短文改错片段:
1. Now my pictureandthe prize is hangingin the library.
分析:本句中主语 Now my pictureandthe prize 是复数形式,谓语动词 is 应改为are.
2. Sometimes, we talkedto eachother verywell in class, butafter class we becomestranger atonce.
分析:本句第一行,根据全篇内容的语境,应当是一般现在时,所以谓语动词talked改为 talk.
第二行 :根据句意:我们下课后立刻又成了陌生人。Stranger应当与主语 we 一致,改为复数形式,strangers.
3. Butnot all information aregood to society.
分析:主语 information是不可数名词,are应改为 is
【模拟试题】
1. -Is there anybody in theclassroom ?
-No, theteacher,together with thestudents _____ totheplayground.
A. go B. went C. hasgone D. havegone
2. -Arethese your sheep ?
-No. Mine _____ongrass at thefoot of thehill.
A. arefeeding B. feed C. is fed D. is feeding
3.Sitting at theback ofthe roombut in frontof some old men andwomen _____a very girl with two bright eyes.
A. was B. are C. were D. there was
4. Mr. Bush,together with his wife anddaughter_____goingto Japan next week.
A. are B. is C. will be D. would be
5. Not the teacherbut thestudents _____ excited.
A. is B. has C. are D. have
6. As I haveameeting at four, tenminutes _____all that I canspareto talkwith you.
A. are B. was C. is D. were
7. _____of theland inthat district_____covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifths; are C. Two fifth;are D. Two fifths;is
【试题答案】
1. C
分析:本题考查的主谓一致的内容与上一题相同,从句子的语境判断,应当用现在完成时。
2. A
分析:mine 指 my sheep 为复数形式。是主动语态。
3. A
分析:本句为倒装句。主语是 a veryshy girlwith two bright eyes.核心主语是 avery shygirl,为单数 ,全句为过去时。
4. B
分析:全句的核心主语是 Mr. Bush,为单数,全句为将来时。
5. C
分析:运用就近原则,谓语动词和主语 thestudents 一致,此处为主系表结构,用be 动词。
6. C
分析:主语 tenminutes 表示时间,被视为一个整体,为单数形式。全句是现在时。
7. D
分析:本句核心主语是 land,为单数形式,同时注意分数的表达形式。
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