高一英语语法归纳整理——定语从句的归纳

　　In our class there are twenty girls, the cleverest of whom is Li Hua.我们班有20名女生，最聪明的是李华。

　　10.介词+which+不定式。此种用法多见于正式文体中，相当于一个定语从句。

　　如：At last he had something about which to write home.他终于有了给家里写信的内容了。

　　He had no key with which to open the door.他没有开门的钥匙。

　　He has a small room in which to live.

　　【运用定语从句时应注意的几个问题】

　　1. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词应和先行词的人称和数保持一致。

　　This is one of the books which were written by Mark Twain.这是马克吐温所写的书中的一本。（先行词是books，因此动词应用were。）

　　2. 关系代词或关系副词在从句中充当一个句子成分，因此要注意避免从句中句子成分的重复出现。

　　This is the most beautiful place that I have visited it.

　　This is the most beautiful place that I have visited. 这是我参观过的最美的地方。（去掉it，因that代替先行词the most beautiful place在定语从句中作visit的宾语，再加it就多余了。）

　　The school where I worked there is a big one.

　　The school where I worked is a big one.我所工作过的学校是一所大学校。（去掉there，因where既引导定语从句，又在从句中代替in the school作状语。）

　　3. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时不可省略。

　　The books were on the table were given to you.

　　The books that were on the table were given to you.桌上的那些书是给你的。（关系代词that作主语不能省）

　　4. “one of the +复数名词”后的定语从句中谓语动词的单复数情况。

　　“one of the +复数名词”时，复数名词是先行词，所以谓语动词常用复数形式。如果“one of the +复数名词”前面有the very /only等修饰语，则谓语动词用单数形式，因为先行词是，而不是复数名词。

　　如： He is the only one of the students who speaks Japanese in our class.他是我们班唯一说日语的学生。（the only one是先行词）

　　He is one of the students who speaks Japanese in our class.他是我们班里说日语的学生之一。（students是先行词）

　　5. 定语从句中who和whom的选用。

　　关系代词who/whom引导定语从句时，作主语用主格who，作宾语用宾格whom。在其引导的定语从句带有插入语，而又不用逗号分开时，要用who。 Mary is a girl who I think is clever.

　　在定语从句who I think is clever中， I think是插入语，去掉后Mary is a girl who is clever是一个完整的句子，who是定语从句的主语，不能用whom替换。但下面的句子，情况就不同了：

　　Mary is a girl whom I think to be clever.在定语从句whom I think to be clever中，如把I think看作插入语而去掉，则剩下的部分Mary is a girl whom to be clever很明显不是一个完整的句子结构，所以I think不能被看作是插入语，而是定语从句在的主谓结构，whom作think的宾语，to be clever是whom的宾补。

　　6. 定语从句中关系代词或关系副词的选择取决于它们在从句中所充当的句子成分。如作主语和宾语用关系代词；作状语，用关系副词。

　　I’ll never forget the day when I went abroad myself.（when在从句中代替时间状语on the day，此句可分解为I’ll never forget the day. I went abroad myself on the day.）

　　I’ll never forget the days that we spent together.（that代替the days，在从句中作spent的宾语，该句可分解为I’ll never forget the days. We spent the days together.）

　　1 一般现在时 用动词原形

　　2 一般过去时 用动词过去时

　　3 现在进行时 be + ving

　　4 过去进行时 was/were + ving

　　5 一般将来时 will + 动词原形 或 be going to +动词原形

　　6 过去将来时 would + 动词原形 或 was/were going to +动词原形

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