[10-20 18:10:12] 来源：http://www.67xuexi.com 高二英语 阅读：85403次
All the babies died before the first year.But clearly there was more than language deprivation here.What was missing was good mothering.Without good mothering,in the first year of life especially,the capacity to survive is seriously affected. Today no such violent deprivation exists as that ordered by Frederick Ⅱ.Nevertheless,some children are still backward in speaking.Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive（不敏感）to the signals of the baby,whose brain is programmed to map up language rapidly.There are critical times,it seems,when children learn more readily.If these sensitive periods are neglected（忽视）,the ideal time for gaining language skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again.
Linguists（语言学家）suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence（顺序）and at a constant age,but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turn out to be of high IQ.
Recent facts suggest that baby is born with the capacity to speak.What is special about Man’s brain,compared with that of the monkeys,is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of,say,a teddy-bear（玩具熊）with the sound pattern“teddy-bear”.
But speech has to be stimulated（刺激）,and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child,where the mother recognizes the signals in the child’s babbling（牙牙学语）,grasping,crying and smiling,and responds to them.Insensitivity（不敏感）of the mother to these signals dulls（使迟钝）the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals.Sensitivity to the child’s non-verbal signals in essential to the growth and development of language.
12.Frederick II’s experiment was violent because ____.
A.he wanted to prove children are born with ability to speak
B.he paid no attention to the importance of mothering to the infant
C.he was unkind to the nurses
D.he wanted his nurses to say no mother tongue
13.The reason some children are backward in speaking today is that ____.
A.their mothers do not respond to their attempts to speak
B.their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them
C.they do not listen carefully to their mothers
D.their brains have to absorb too much language at once
14.By critical times in Paragraph 3 the author means ____.
A.difficult periods in the child’s life B.moments when the child becomes critical to its mother C.important stages in the child’s development D.times when mothers often neglect their children
15.Which of the following is NOT implied in the passage?
A.Ability to learn to speak a language is inborn in man.
B.Children do not need to be encouraged to learn to speak.
C.Early language starters are not necessarily highly intelligent.
D.Most children learn their language in definite stages.