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高二英语复习——如何提高阅读能力

摘要:如:“…One day, Merlin received an invitation to attend a fancy dress ball. He was very pleased and a little excited. As the day of the party came near, Merlin began to think how to make a grand entrance at the party. He had an idea. He thought he would get a lot of attention if he could skate into the room. Merlin tried different ways to make himself roll. Finally, he decided to put two wheels under each shoe. These were the first roller skates.… ”问题:Merlin put
高二英语复习——如何提高阅读能力,标签:高二英语学习方法,高二学习计划,http://www.67xuexi.com

  如:

  “…One day, Merlin received an invitation to attend a fancy dress ball. He was very pleased and a little excited. As the day of the party came near, Merlin began to think how to make a grand entrance at the party. He had an idea. He thought he would get a lot of attention if he could skate into the room. Merlin tried different ways to make himself roll. Finally, he decided to put two wheels under each shoe. These were the first roller skates.… ”

  问题:Merlin put wheels under his shoes in order to ______.

  A. impress the party guests

  B. arrive at the party sooner

  C. test his invention

  D. show his skill in walking on wheels.

  该题要求透过表面的文字信息去推测文章的隐含意义。我们可以从“Merlin began to think how to make a grand entrance at the party.”和“He thought he would get a lot of attention if he could skate into the room.”中看出,Merlin把滚*置于鞋下,用滚轴溜冰的方式进入晚会厅,其目的是为了给参加晚会的人留下深刻的印象,所以答案为A.

  ⒎ 注意抓文章的中心思想。

  文章的中心思想是全篇文章的核心。它体现作者的基本观点、态度和意图。作者是通过多种手段告诉我们文章中心思想的。一般来说,含有中心思想的“主题句”会出现在文首,也就是说,作者先在篇章的开头就点出中心,然后再作进一步的扩展和论说。如:Every city and town must have water. The people in a town need water to drink. They need water for other uses, too. They use water for bathing and for washing things.这段文字中的第一句就是主题句,后面是对它的扩展。有时候,作者为说明或论证一个较难理解的观点,也可能先举例说明,然后再提出自己的观点,也就是说,把主题句放在文尾。有时,主题句既不在文首,也不在文尾,而是在文章的中间,或者是隐含在篇章中,需要通过阅读,自己总结出来。在平时阅读时,应有意地在这方面加以训练。

  ⒏ 养成快读的习惯。

  阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。在快读中,不要把眼睛和注意力放在某一个词或短语上,而是按意群整体把握文章意思,把注意力放在题目所涉及的重点细节和信息上。要运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读,搜寻关键词、主题句,捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点,并且理清文章脉络,把握语篇实质。

  ⒐ 培养猜词能力。

  阅读短文过程中,有时会遇到似熟非熟的单词,这类词往往一词多义,在句子中难以辨别与理解。在平时读训练时,尽量不要去查字典,可以通过上下文、上下句、句子结构等猜出所表示的词义来。至于有些与题目无关的生词,如:表示人名、地名的词,只须知道其所表示的范围,不必翻译出来。掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法,对排除阅读中某些生词的干扰,降低生词率,提高阅读速度和理解能力是必不可少的。培养猜词的技巧可从以下几方面进行:

  ⑴根据构词法来猜测生词词义:

  应熟练掌握三种常见的构词法:转换、派生和合成。高考中属于这几种类型的生词是不会注出中文意思的,所以掌握构词法能使阅读化难为易,丰富词汇,从而达到一定的阅读理解程度。如:familiar(形容词) 熟悉的,familiarity(名词) 熟悉,familiarize(动词) 使熟悉,unfamiliar (形容词)不熟悉的,unfamiliarly(副词) 不熟悉地。

  ⑵ 根据普通常识来猜测生词词义:

  如:

  The Olympic games were to be completed in good spirit. The idea was to participate and not to win….根据常识,可以判断 participate 有“参与”的意思。因为奥运会提倡良好的比赛精神,其宗旨是参与,而不是论输赢。

  ⑶ 利用上下文提供的同义词来猜测生词的词义:

  如:

  Influenza is sometimes called flu or a bad cold. 根据上下文可以猜出:influenza是bad cold的同义词,意为:流感。

  ⑷ 根据上下文提供的反义词来猜测词义:

  如:Most dentists’ office are drab places, but Emilion’s new office is a bright and dreadful place.根据上下文可以猜出,drab是cheerful或 bright的反义词,意为:死气沉沉的,阴暗的。

  ⑸ 根据语法结构、标点符号等猜测生词的词义:

  如:

  ①The scientists who study insects are called entomologists. 根据定语从句提供的线索可以猜出entomologists意为:昆虫学家。

  ②Suddenly they became the parents of quintuplets, four girls and a boy.根据逗号后的解释可以猜出quintuplets意为:五胞胎。

  ⑹ 根据上下文具体的语境猜测生词的含义:

  如:

  The influence of TV on the life of the people is incalculable: it can influence their thoughts and their way of life. It can also add to their store of knowledge. Educational TV stations offer teaching in various subjects. Some hospitals use TV for medical students to get close-up views of operations. 通过这段话的描述,我们知道电视对人们的生活影响很大,所以我们猜测incalculable的意思为“大的,不可计算的”。

  ⒑ 掌握科学的阅读理解题的解题方法:

  首先,迅速阅读理解的问题。

  通过阅读问题,可以大致推断文章的大意,从而为尽快了解文章的内容做好了准备,增强了在将来读文章时的针对性,突出了重点,提高了做题效率。这种方法特别适用于图形表格类题材的理解。读问题时,最好能判断哪些问题与文章存在直接关系即可在文章中直接找出答案,哪些需要推理,哪些需要做结论等。这一步骤的目的主要就是要让自己知道应该找什么。

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