[10-20 18:10:12] 来源：http://www.67xuexi.com 高二英语 阅读：85460次
一、知识点
1. Which scientist discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that heips them float?哪位科学家发现了水里的东西被帮助以浮动的力举起？
in water定语，修饰objects, a force之后又跟了个that引导的定语从句。
lift up 拿起，举起，升起
He lift up his little son, and mounted him on the horse. 他把小儿子举起来，让他骑在马背上。
To call back the boy from a distance, the father had to lift up his voice.为了把儿子从远处叫回来，父亲不得不提高嗓子喊。
2. Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children? 谁用豌豆显示了身体特征是如何从父母传延到孩子的？
A characteristic of the camel is its ability to live for a long time without water.骆驼的特点是不喝水也能活很长时间。
with his characteristic enthusiasm 以他特有的热忱
The letter passed from one to another until everyone had read it. 那封信逐一传阅，直到每个人都看过为止。
According to her will, when the old lady dies, her money will pass to her grandson. 根据老太太的遗瞩,她去世时,她的钱将遗留给她的孙子。
3. Who put forward a theory about black holes? 谁提出了关于黑洞的理论？
put forward提出建议，拨快(钟等) ...
They put forward some new ideas on the subject.他们对这个问题提出了一些新的见解。
put的常用词组有：
put aside节省（钱、时间）；储蓄；把……放在一边 put away储存（钱）；放好
put back拨慢；搁置 put down放下；记下；击败；使（飞机）着陆； put off延期；推迟 put on上演；穿上；戴上 put out熄灭；关掉；扑灭 put through接通电话；完成
put up with忍受；忍耐 put into action/effect/practice实施；实行
4. What do you know about infectious diseases such as cholera?
关于传染病你了解什么，比如霍乱？
Colds are infectious, and so are some eye diseases. 感冒是传染的,有些眼病也是传染的。
It's more useful to learn modern languages, such as English and German. 学习英语和德语等现代语言有用。
5. …so famous, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria to ease the birth of her babies…….他的确医术精湛，因而成为照料维多利亚女皇的私人医生…
Which doctor is attending you? 哪一个医生为你看病?
attend a meeting [lecture]出席会议[听演讲, 听课]
attend a wedding [a funeral]参加婚礼[葬礼]
attend school [church]上学[教堂]
ease用作动词，意思是“减轻；消除；舒缓；放松”，表示消除某人的痛苦时用结构“ease sb. of sth.”；也可以用作名词，意为“舒适；自在；不拘束；容易”。
These pills will ease the headache. 这些药丸会减轻头疼。
Walking helped to ease him of his pain. 他散了散步减轻了一些痛苦。
Her words gave ease to my distracted mind. 我心神不宁，她的话使我宽心。
ease作名词时的常见搭配：at ease放松；自如；不拘束 be/feel at ease感到舒适 ill at ease不自在；感到拘束 put/set sb. at one’s ease使某人感到舒适、不拘束 with ease容易地；无困难地
The doctor gave him some painkillers to ease the pain. 医生给了他一些止疼片以减缓疼痛。
I don't feel at ease in the strange place.
在这个陌生的地方，我觉得很不自在。
6. …people exposed to cholera. 得了霍乱的老百姓
是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰people。相当于定语从句which were exposed to cholera。
expose的意思是“暴露；揭露；使曝光”，常与介词to连用，表示“使暴露于（日光、风雨等）；受到风险；使面临”的意思。
The soil was washed away by the flood, exposing bare rock. 泥土被洪水冲走，露出光秃秃的石头。
The baby was left exposed to the wind and rain.婴儿被弃于风雨之中。
The soldiers in the open field are exposed to the enemy’s fire. 空地里的士兵暴露于敌人的火力之下。
7. the most deadly disease in its day.在当时是最致命的疾病
deadly adj.致命的, 势不两立的, 死一般的, 极度的, 必定的
adv.如死一般地, 极度地；非常地
Fog is the sailor's deadly enemy. 雾是航海者最致命的敌人。deadly serious.极其严重
8. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. 每当（疾病）突发时，总有成千的人死去。
本句是一个复合句，every time引导的是一个时间状语从句，意思是“每当……”，相当于“when”。 另外，此状语从句中还有一个“there be”结构。
类似用法的副词和短语有“directly（一……就）, immediately（一……就）, instantly（一……就）, the minute（一……就）, the moment（一……就）, the second（一……就）, each (every) time（每当）, next time（下次……时）, the last time（上次……时）等。
She went to see him directly she got the letter. 她一收到信就去他了。