[10-20 18:10:12] 来源:http://www.67xuexi.com 高二英语 阅读:85393次
陈述语气(The Indicative Mood)用来陈述一个事实,或提出一个看法,有肯定,否定,疑问或感叹等形式。
People get AIDS after having been infected with HIV. Her mother did not know that she had AIDS until after Xiaohua was born. How should we act towards people who have AIDS. What a brave girl!
祈使语气(The Imperative Mood)用来表示请求,邀请,命令,警告或劝告等。 Let me do it. Please keep quiet in the reading room.
虚拟语气的概念
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,一是用 来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实,而 是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中 或让步状语从句中);一是表示说话人的愿 望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表 语从句、同位语从句)。
虚拟语气在 在条件从句中
一、在条件从句中 (叫虚拟条件句),表示与事实相反 的条件。分三种情况(以 do 为例):
表示与事实情况相反
条件从句的谓语形式 过去式(did) 过去式 (be常用 were) 常用 过去完成式(had +done) 过去完成式 ①过去式 (did)(were) ②should + do ③were to do
主句的谓语形式 Would / could / might / should (用于第 人称) +动 用于第1人称 动 用于第 人称 词原形(do) 词原形 Would / could / might / should +have done Would / could / might / should + do
表示现在情况 表示过去情况 表示将来情况
虚拟语气在 在条件从句中
[例句 例句] 例句 1. If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. 要是你早来几分钟的话,你就能见到他了。(与过 去事实相反) 2. If it were(were to be/should be) sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you. 明天要是天气好的话,我来看你。(与将来事实可 能相反) 3. If I were you, I would go now. 假如我是你的话,我现在就走。(与现在事实相反, 事实上我不可能是你)
虚拟语气在 在条件从句中
二、省略 if 的条件从句
当从句中有 were, had 或 should 时,可省略if ,而 把它们放在句首。 If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. Were I to meet him tomorrow,… If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again. Should he fail in the experiment… If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. Had you come a few….
虚拟语气在复合句中的应用:
三、错综时间的条件句(交叉虚拟) 错综时间的条件句(交叉虚拟)
即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同。此时,需要 按时间来确定虚拟形式。如: 1. If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 如果他们以前努力学习的话,现在干的就会容易 些。 2. If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this. 如果他不听取我的建议,他就不会干得这样好。
虚拟语气在:在宾语从句中
1、记住:这些动词后面接的宾语从句:表示愿望 ( wish), 建议(suggest, advice, propose, recommend) ,要求(demand, request, require, insist), 命令(order, command)等。
2、除wish外,其它动词用should + do 构成, should 可以省略。
3、 wish接宾语从句有三种情况:
1) 现在:用过去式
2) 过去:用过去完成式 (had done)
3) 将来:用情态动词(would / could) + do
虚拟语气在:在宾语从句中
[例句]
1. I wish she would be on my side. 我希望她能站在我一边。
2. I wish I were 30 years younger. 我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。
3. I wish (that) you would get a good job. 我希望你能找到一个好职业。
4. He wished he hadn't done it. 他想要是他没这样做该多好。
5. He ordered that the students(should)wash the clothes every week by themselves. 他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。
虚拟语气在:在宾语从句中
4、记住:insist / suggest 各有两种意思,要用不同的语气 、记住: 各有两种意思, Insist 表示“坚决要求”时,用虚拟形式,即 should + do; 表示“坚决要求” 用虚拟形式, Insist 表示“坚称,坚持说”时,用陈述语气,表示事实。 表示“坚称,坚持说” 用陈述语气,表示事实。 Suggest 表示“建议”时,用虚拟形式。 表示“建议” 用虚拟形式。 Suggest 表示“表明、暗示”时,用陈述语气。 表示“表明、暗示” 用陈述语气。
例句
1) The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class. 老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。 建议我们课后把黑板擦了 老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。
2) He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means. 坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿 我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。 他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。 3) He insisted that he was right.
虚拟语气在:在宾语从句中
5. 在would (had) rather(宁愿 引导的宾语 宁愿) 宁愿 从句中 当从句表示现在或将来的时间时,谓语动词要 当从句表示现在或将来的时间时 谓语动词要 用一般过去时;表示过去时间时 表示过去时间时,谓语动词 用一般过去时 表示过去时间时 谓语动词 要用过去完成时。 要用过去完成时。 I would rather he/you came tomorrow than today.
虚拟语气在 在表语从句中
主句的主语常是表示说话人愿望(wish / desire)、建议(suggestion / advice) 要求 (requirement / demand)、命令(order, command)等的名词,表语从句的谓语动词 用 (should) + do. Our suggestion is that you (should) be there on time.