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“主谓一致”的三大误区

摘要: 误区一 误认主语1. 倒装句 ①Between the two buildings are a big tree. (×) ②Between the two buildings is a big tree. (√) 【解析】 第①句谓语动词使用are,错误地认为the two buildings是该句的主语,但实际上是介词between的宾语,一起构成介词短语,而介词短语不能充当主语。该句是一个倒装句,真正主语是a big tree。因此第②句正确。 特别提醒 倒装句的常见结构:副词/介词短语+谓语+主语 2. 主语之后带有介词短语 ①The fruit like apples , oranges are good for our health. (×) ②The fruit like apples , oranges is good for our health. (√) 【解析】 第①句误认为apples , oranges是主语,因此谓语动词用are,而实
“主谓一致”的三大误区,标签:教育学习大全,http://www.67xuexi.com

  误区一 误认主语

1. 倒装句

    ①Between the two buildings are a big tree. (×)

    ②Between the two buildings is a big tree. (√)

    【解析】  第①句谓语动词使用are,错误地认为the two buildings是该句的主语,但实际上是介词between的宾语,一起构成介词短语,而介词短语不能充当主语。该句是一个倒装句,真正主语是a big tree。因此第②句正确。

    特别提醒  倒装句的常见结构:副词/介词短语+谓语+主语

    2. 主语之后带有介词短语

    ①The fruit like apples , oranges are good for our health. (×)

    ②The fruit like apples , oranges is good for our health. (√)

    【解析】  第①句误认为apples , oranges是主语,因此谓语动词用are,而实际上the fruit才是该句的主语,like apples , oranges是介词短语作后置定语修饰the fruit。该句译为“像苹果、桔子之类的水果对我们的身体是有好处的”。因此第②句是正确的。

    特别提醒  类似的结构有:主语+with / like / except / but / together with / as well as . . . ,谓语动词应与主语一致,而与介词短语之后的名词无关。

    3. one of . . . + 名词复数或复数代词

    ①There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys are from Canada. (×)

    ②There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys is from Canada. (√)

    【解析】  one of the boys的中心词是one,因此谓语动词用单数,造成第①句错误的原因主要是把the boys当成了该句的主语。

    4. 定语从句

    ①I like the photos which was taken in Beijing. (×)

    ②I like the photos which were taken in Beijing. (√)

    【解析】  which were taken in Beijing是一个定语从句,用于修饰先行词the photos,而which本身就代替先行词the photos。因此谓语动词要用复数,造成第①句错误的原因是没有弄清楚关系词which的实质,只是从形式上看它是单数。

    特别提醒  定语从句中的谓语动词应该与先行词保持一致。

误区二 被主语的表象迷惑

1. 看似复数却表单数概念

    ①Maths are my favourite subject. (×)

    ②Maths is my favourite subject. (√)

    【解析】  maths本身是一个以“s”结尾的单词,而不是一个复数名词,表示单数概念“数学”这一学科,因此第②句正确。

    类似的有:physics , news , politics . . .

    2. 看似单数却表复数概念

    ①The police is searching for the robbers. (×)

    ②The police are searching for the robbers. (√)

    【解析】  the police译为“警方”,表示复数概念,而不是表示“那个警察”,因此第②句正确,类似的词有:people , the + 形容词,the + 姓 + family等均表复数概念。

    3. 名词的单复数同形

    ①There are a little sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see it? (×)

    ②There is a little sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see it? (√)

    【解析】  sheep是一个单复数形式相同的名词,由于sheep之前用的a little修饰,加上Can you see it中的it指代单数,因此a little sheep译为“一只小绵羊”,因此第②句正确。如果将原题改为:There ________ (be) a few sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see them?那又会怎么样呢。

    特别提醒  类似的单复数形式相同的词还有fish, Chinese, Japanese等,要根据句子的含义和结构暗示来判断其单复数。

    4. 集合名词

    ①Their family is very happy. Now their family is watching TV. (×)

    ②Their family is very happy. Now their family are watching TV. (√)

    【解析】  family是一个集合名词,表示整体概念时谓语用单数,表示个体概念时谓语用复数。该句译为“他们全家很幸福,现在全家人正在看电视”。因此第一个 family表示整体概念,译为“家庭”,第二个family表示个体概念,译为“家人”,第②句正确。

    特别提醒  类似的还有group, class, team等既可表单数也可表复数。

误区三 误用语言规则

1. 表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、数量等名词作主语

    ①Ten years are quite a long time. (×)

    ②Ten years is quite a long time. (√)

    【解析】  表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、数量等名词的复数作主语时看作一个整体,谓语动词要用单数,容易错误理解为复数而出现第①句的错误。

    2. 由and连接的并列主语

    ①The twentieth lesson and last lesson are very easy for students. (×)

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