高二英语下知识点总复习教案

　　【注】 pain作"烦恼""辛苦""费心""努力"解释时要用复数形式。如：① He is a good teacher and takes great pains with his pupils.他是个好老师，非常尽力地教育学生。 ② With great pains and much patience, I at last managed to get from them the information I wanted. 我煞费苦心，坚韧不拔，总算从他们那里弄来了我需要的信息。② The old lady had taken great pains with her hair.这老太太在头发上花了一番工夫。③ She took great pains to show me how the computer worked.她努力向我展示这台计算机的工作原理。

　　【注】in pain是"痛苦""疼痛"之意，通常作表语，with pain是"疼痛地" "痛得"之意，用作状语。如：① The soldier Was wounded, and in pain.这名战士受伤了，疼得很。② The boy Was crying with pain after he broke his arm. 这男孩摔断胳膊后疼得哭叫起来。

　　【注】也可作动词用，意为"使心痛(痛苦)""使苦恼"。如：① It pained me to watch them quarrel. 看见他们争吵我很难受。② On nights like this, his wounded foot pained him.在这样的夜晚，他的伤脚就作痛。③ My tooth doesn't pain me now.我的牙齿现在不痛了。

　　8. ... the many sacrifices of the Civil Rights Movement. 许多人在民权运动中所作出的牺牲。(p.43 Reading 第一段倒数第4行) ▲ sacrifice

　　(1) n. [U]供奉，献祭，祭祀 the sacrifice of an ox to Jupiter. 用牛祭祀朱庇特。

　　(2) [C]供品，祭品，牺牲 Kill a sheep as a sacrifice. 宰羊用作祭品。

　　(3) [U]放弃某事物(通常是重要或有价值的东西) Getting rich isn't worth the sacrifice of your principles. 为致富而牺牲原则是不值得的。He became a top sports- man at some sacrifice to himself. 他付出了些代价才成为优秀的运动员。

　　(4) [C]牺牲的事物 Her parents made many sacrifices so that she could go to university. 她父母为她上大学在多方面作了牺牲。

　　(5) v. 供奉，献祭，牺牲某物 She sacrificed her career to marry him. 她为了嫁给他牺牲了自己的事业。The car's designers have sacrificed comfort to economy. 汽车设计人员为降低造价舍弃了汽车舒适方面的一些设想。 I'm not sacrificing my day off just to go shopping with Jane. 我可不愿意牺牲一天休假日单单陪简去买东西。

　　9. The wounds are slow to heal and the scars run deep.伤口很难愈合，伤疤很深。(p.43 Reading 第一段 倒数第3行)

　　▲在作表语的形容词后的不定式，如果不带宾语，则与句子的主语往往有一种逻辑上的动宾关系，如本句to heal逻辑上的宾语是句子的主语the wounds；若该不定式动词是不及物动词，则其后应加上适当的介词，与主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，请体会下列例句的意思和结构。① Your writing is impossible to read. 你的书法没法认。② My car is hard to start in cold weather.我的车天冷时很难发动。③ Do you think the water is safe to drink? 你认为这水喝起来安全吗? ④ The food is not fit to eat. 这食品不适合吃。

　　【注】上述例句中，不定式动词均为及物动词，其逻辑宾语是句子的主语，若不定式动词为不及物动词，则需加一介词。如：① The room is comfortable to live in. 这房间住起来很舒服。② Mr Turner is easy to get along with.特纳先生很容易相处。③ The bench is long enough to sleep on.这凳子很长，可以在上面睡觉。

　　▲run此处为连系动词(常作连系动词)，后接形容词，意为"变得" (进入或达到某一状态) 。如: ① The fiver was beginning to run dry.河水开始干涸起来。② They had to return to camp because their food supply was running low.因为粮食不够了，他们只好返回营地。③ You mustn't let the children run wild and do exactly what they like.你不要让孩子们毫无约束，爱干什么就干什么。④ Prices for fruit are running high this season.这个季节的水果价格上涨了。⑤ As the fuel ran short, the plane was forced to land.由于燃料快要用完，飞机被迫降落。

　　【注】(1) 负责(某事物)，经营，管理 He has no idea of how to run a successful business. 他不知道把企业办好的办法。Stop trying to run my life for me! 我的生活不用你来管。

　　(2) (使某物)动转，起作用。Your new car seems to run very nicely. 你的新车开起来不错。

　　(3) (指公共汽车等) (沿一固定路线) 往来行驶。Buses to Oxford run every half an hour. 去牛津的公共汽车每半个小时一班。The trains don't run on Christmas Day. 圣诞节火车停驶。

　　(4) run还有"内容为......"之意。如：① He received a note which ran as follows.他收到一个条子，内容如下。 ② The story runs like this. 故事大致内容如下。③ This is how the song runs. 这首歌曲是这样唱的。

　　10. Even today, the South is far behind the rest of the United States in areas such as education and economic development. 甚至到今天，南部在教育和经济发展方面都远远落后于美国其他州。(p.43 Reading 第一段倒数第2行) ▲ behind prep.

　　(1) 在或向(某人，物)后面 Who is the girl standing behind Richard? 站在理查德后面的那个姑娘是谁? She glanced behind her. 她向身后瞥了一眼。The accident is behind you now. 事情已过去了，别再想它了。

　　(2) 落后于...... Britain is behind Japan in developing modern technology. 在发展现代技术方面英国落后于日本。

　　(3) 支持(人，物)，赞成 My family is right behind me in my ambition to become a doctor. 我的家人对于我立志从医很赞同。

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